Botanical Name: Pyrus communis.
Family: Rosaceae,
which also includes other fruit trees such as apple, cherry, and peach.
The chromosome number of pear is 2n=34.
1. Climatic conditions:
Pears require a cool and temperate climate with a winter chilling period of 800-1000 hours at temperatures below 7°C. The ideal temperature range for pear cultivation is between 15-25°C during the growing season.
2. Soil:
Pear trees prefer well-drained loamy soils with a pH range of 6.0-7.0. They do not tolerate waterlogged or saline soils. Pear trees are susceptible to iron chlorosis in high pH soils.
3. Propagation:
Pears can be propagated by budding, grafting or by using rootstocks. Rootstocks are used to control tree size and adapt to soil conditions.
4. Planting:
Pears are usually planted in the dormant season, from November to February. The recommended seed rate is 8-10 kg per hectare. The spacing between trees varies depending on the cultivar and the rootstock used, but generally ranges from 4-8 meters between rows and 3-6 meters within the row.
5. Irrigation:
Pears require regular and adequate irrigation, especially during the growing season. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged.
6. Manures and fertilizers:
Pears require regular fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The recommended dose is 150-200 kg N, 50-100 kg P2O5 and 150-200 kg K2O per hectare per year. Organic manures like compost and farmyard manure can also be applied.
7. Training and pruning:
Pear trees require training to develop a strong framework and to maintain a balance between vegetative and fruiting growth. Pruning is also essential for maintaining tree shape, improving light penetration and controlling disease.
8. Varieties:
There are several varieties of pears, including Bartlett, Bosc, Anjou, Comice, and Conference.
9. Harvesting stage and yield:
Pears are harvested when they reach maturity, which can be determined by fruit size, color, and firmness. The yield of pears depends on various factors, including cultivar, soil and climate conditions, and management practices. The average yield of pear trees is around 20-25 tonnes per hectare per year.
