Botanical Name: Psidium guajavaFamily: MyrtaceaeChromosome Number of Guava is 2n=22.
Guava is a tropical fruit that can be grown in a variety of climatic conditions. Here is a brief overview of the cultivation of guava:
1. Climatic conditions:
Guava grows best in a warm and humid climate. It can tolerate temperatures ranging from 15°C to 45°C. It requires a well-distributed rainfall of 1000-2000 mm per annum.
2. Suitable soil:
Guava can grow in a variety of soil types, but it prefers deep, well-drained soils with a pH range of 5.5-7.5. The soil should be rich in organic matter and free from waterlogging.
3. Propagation:
Guava can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, and air layering. However, vegetative propagation is preferred for better quality and yield.
4. Planting:
The best time for planting guava is during the monsoon season, between June and July. The seed rate is around 6-8 kg/ha. The recommended spacing is 6-8 m x 6-8 m for the plants to grow and develop properly.
5. Irrigation:
Adequate irrigation is essential for guava growth and development. Regular irrigation should be done from the day of sowing to maintain soil moisture.
6. Manures and fertilizers:
Guava requires regular fertilization to achieve optimum yield. A balanced NPK dose of 60:40:40 kg/ha should be given to guava plants during the growing season. Organic manures like farmyard manure, compost, and vermicompost can also be applied.
7. Training and pruning:
Guava plants require regular pruning to maintain their shape and improve fruit quality. Training should be done during the early stages of growth to establish a strong framework.
8. Varieties:
Some popular varieties of guava are Allahabad Safeda, Lucknow-49, Apple guava, Arka Amulya, etc.
9. Harvesting and Yield:
Guava fruit starts to ripen in 4-6 months after planting. The fruit is harvested when it turns yellowish-green and becomes slightly soft to the touch. The yield of guava varies depending on the variety, soil, and other factors but it can range from 15-20 tons per hectare.
