Botanical Name: Mentha arvensis
Chromosomes Number: 2n = 48
Origin:
Mentha arvensis, commonly known as field mint or corn mint, is native to Europe, Asia, and North America.
Geographical Distribution:
It is widely distributed and cultivated in various countries, including India, China, Japan, the United States, and European countries.
Economic Importance:
Mentha arvensis is commercially cultivated for its essential oil, which contains high amounts of menthol. The essential oil is used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. It is also used for flavoring confectionery, chewing gums, toothpaste, and medicinal products.
Soil and Climatic Requirements:
Mentha arvensis prefers well-drained loamy or sandy soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. It can tolerate a wide range of soil types but performs best in fertile soils. As for climatic conditions, it thrives in temperate regions with cool summers and cold winters. It requires a moderate to high humidity level and rainfall of around 100-150 cm per year.
Seed Rate:
The recommended seed rate for Mentha arvensis is around 4-5 kg per hectare.
Spacing:
The spacing between plants should be maintained at 30-45 cm.
Seed Treatment:
Seeds can be treated with fungicides to prevent fungal infections. Soaking the seeds in water for 24 hours before sowing can also enhance germination.
Varieties:
Some popular varieties of Mentha arvensis include Kosi, Shivalik, Kalka, Krishna, and Sambhaav.
Cultural Practices:
Here are some general cultural practices for cultivating rabi Mentha:
1. Land Preparation:
The land should be plowed and leveled properly before sowing. Remove any weeds or crop residues.
2. Sowing:
Sow the seeds in prepared beds or raised nurseries during the favorable season. Transplant the seedlings when they reach a height of 10-15 cm.
3. Irrigation:
Mentha requires regular and adequate irrigation. Maintain a moist soil condition throughout the growing period.
4. Fertilization:
Apply well-rotted farmyard manure or compost before sowing. Supplement it with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers during the growing season.
5. Weed Control: Regular weeding and hoeing are essential to control weed growth. Mulching can also help suppress weed growth.
6. Disease and Pest Management: Monitor for any signs of diseases or pests and take appropriate measures such as spraying recommended pesticides or adopting biological control methods.
Yield:
The average yield of Mentha arvensis can vary depending on various factors, but under good management practices, it can range from 60 to 100 kg of dried leaves per hectare.
