Botanical Name: Cymbopogon nardusChromosomes Number:
Origin:
Citronella is native to Southeast Asia, particularly Sri Lanka, Indonesia, and India.
Geographical Distribution:
It is now widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Major producers include Indonesia, China, Brazil, India, Sri Lanka, and Madagascar.
Economic Importance:
Citronella is primarily grown for its essential oil, which is extracted from its leaves. The oil is highly valued for its strong citrus-like aroma and is used extensively in the production of perfumes, soaps, candles, insect repellents, and other cosmetic and pharmaceutical products.
Soil and Climatic Requirements:
Citronella thrives in well-drained, fertile soils with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. It prefers warm and humid climates with temperatures ranging from 20 to 35°C (68 to 95°F) and an annual rainfall of 1500 to 2500 mm.
Seed Rate and Spacing:
The recommended seed rate for citronella is around 2 to 3 kg per hectare. The spacing between the plants should be approximately 50 cm to 60 cm, with 60 cm to 90 cm between rows.
Seed Treatment:
Citronella seeds can be treated with a fungicide to protect them from soil-borne diseases before sowing. This helps improve germination and seedling establishment.
Varieties:
Some popular varieties of citronella include Java type (Cymbopogon winterianus) and Ceylon type (Cymbopogon nardus).
Cultural Practices:
Here are some common cultural practices for citronella cultivation:
1. Land Preparation: Clear the land of weeds and debris, and plow the soil to a fine tilth before sowing.
2. Sowing: Sow the seeds in prepared beds or directly in the field at a depth of 1 to 2 cm.
3. Irrigation: Provide regular irrigation, particularly during dry periods, to ensure optimal growth and oil production.
4. Weed Control: Control weeds by manual weeding or through the use of herbicides, taking care not to damage the citronella plants.
5. Fertilization: Apply organic manure or balanced fertilizers to meet the nutrient requirements of the crop. Soil testing can help determine the specific fertilizer recommendations.
Yield:
The yield of citronella can vary depending on several factors, including cultivation practices, variety, and growing conditions. On average, under good management, citronella can yield approximately 200 to 300 kg of essential oil per hectare.
