Botanical name: Mangifera indica
Family: Anacardiaceae
Chromosome number: 2n=40
1. Climatic conditions:
Mangoes grow well in a warm tropical climate with temperatures between 24-27°C. The ideal rainfall for mango cultivation is 75-375 cm per annum, and the trees require a dry period before flowering.
2. soil:
Mango trees grow well in well-drained soils with a pH range of 5.5-7.5. The soil should also be rich in organic matter and should not have a high saline content.
3. Propagation:
Mangoes can be propagated through seeds or grafting. Grafting is the preferred method as it produces trees with desirable traits.
4. Planting:
Mango trees can be planted either in the rainy season or in the summer. The seed rate is usually 2-3 seeds per pit(90X90X90). The spacing between the trees should be 8-10 meters.
5. Irrigation:
Mango trees require regular irrigation, especially during the flowering and fruiting season. Irrigation should begin from the day of sowing and should be done at regular intervals.
6. Manures and fertilizers:
Mango trees require regular fertilization to grow and produce healthy fruit. The recommended NPK dose is 750:200:115 gm per tree per year. Organic manure such as cow dung can also be applied to the trees. 10 kg FYM, 2.5kg bone meal 1kg potassium sulphate for 1 year of plant
7. Training and pruning:
Mango trees require regular pruning to maintain their shape and to promote healthy growth. Training is also necessary to keep the trees at a manageable height.
8. Varieties:
Some popular mango varieties include Alphonso, Kesar, Dasheri, Langra, and Totapuri.
9. Harvesting stage and yield:
Mangoes are usually harvested when they are fully mature, and the skin color changes from green to yellow. The yield of mango trees varies depending on the variety, soil type, and climate. On average, a mature mango tree can produce up to 8 tonnes per ha.
